PSG has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.